Set the molecular ions to learn and use in equation writing

You are on this page to set or reset the range of ions to learn and use.
Select the range you want and you will then go back to your previous page.
Click on a level
Level Set:
Beginner
hydroxide, OH-
carbonate, CO32-
sulfate, SO42-
nitrate, NO3-
ammonium, NH4+
Whilst this short list is the bare minimum, it will get you a long way in GCSE.
The Essentials
hydroxide, OH-
carbonate, CO32-
sulfate, SO42-
nitrate, NO3-
ammonium, NH4+

hydrogencarbonate, HCO3-
sulfite, SO32-
ethanoate, CH3COO-

This list will cover most GCSE specifications. Sodium hydrogencarbonate (bicarbonate of soda) is an important ingredient in sherbet and baking powder. Calcium hydrogencarbonate is present in temporary hard water. The sulfite ion is present in acid rain caused by sulfur dioxide pollution in the atmosphere. You may learn about ethanoic acid in organic chemistry and it behaves like a typical (weak) acid.
For High Fliers
hydroxide, OH-
carbonate, CO32-
sulfate, SO42-
nitrate, NO3-
ammonium, NH4+

hydrogencarbonate, HCO3-
sulfite, SO32-
ethanoate, CH3COO-

dichromate(VI), Cr2O72-
manganate (VII) or permanganate, MnO4-
phosphate, PO43-

Dichromate (VI) is used as an oxidising agent for alcohols in organic chemistry. Potassium permanganate is an intensely purple coloured substance and also a powerful oxidising agent. Phosphate is included here because it and its derivatives are hugely important in biology (e.g. ATP, ADP, DNA and RNA).